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When family violence is reported, professionals should take the violence into account, as well as the history of parents and trauma symptoms of all family members.Ĭhild abuse and neglect Child maltreatment Intergenerational transmission Intimate partner violence Trauma.Ĭopyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. However, intergenerational transmission of violence is found for mothers only. For example, Brave Heart and DeBruyn (1998), the first researchers to apply the concepts of intergenerational trauma and trauma transmission within a Native American Indigenous community, studied the effects of a massacre that resulted in thousands of Indigenous community members being killed and buried in mass graves. In violent families, maternal and paternal trauma can be transmitted over generations. This kind of trauma has been documented in the children of. When trauma affects future generations who didn’t experience it directly, it is known as intergenerational trauma. This effect was not mediated by current CAN. Trauma is a response to highly distressing situations, such as abuse and natural disasters, that negatively affect how a person thinks and behaves in the long run. Trauma symptoms of both fathers and mothers were related to child PTSD symptoms. Only for mothers, this association was mediated by IPV. Structural equation models revealed that historical CAN of father and mothers was related to trauma symptoms. Respondents completed questionnaires about IPV, (historical) CAN and trauma symptoms. We have recruited 101 fathers and 360 mothers (426 children, 50% boys, mean age 7 years) through child protection services. These mechanisms are compared for mothers and fathers. Furthermore, we investigate whether current CAN mediates the relation between current maternal trauma symptoms and child Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We examine whether the relation between historical CAN and current trauma symptoms of mothers is mediated by current IPV.
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Understanding the mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of violence and trauma is a prerequisite for the development of interventions. Moreover, maltreated children are at risk for developing long-lasting trauma symptoms, which can subsequently affect their own children's lives. The purpose is to train and empower Indigenous counsellors to deliver ITTM to the families with their communities and reserves, rather than continue to fly in mental health professionals from other cities.Children who experience Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN) are at an increased risk of becoming a victim of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) or a perpetrator of IPV or CAN. The ITTM is also currently in the process of being rolled out to Indigenous communities across Northern Ontario and Manitoba. Currently, there are six Certified ITTM Trainers across Ontario who are responsible for providing 100-hours of ITTM training to new staff entering their clinics. Over 500 clinicians have been trained in the ITTM model and continue to use it as an essential tool for children and their caregivers who have experienced complex trauma. Many clinics continue to offer the ITTM as their primary trauma treatment program twenty years later. Over 11 mental heath organizations have enrolled in the Intergenerational Trauma Treatment Model (ITTM) program. Although the program is primarily designed for children and their caregivers, it has also proven to be highly effective in the resolution of childhood trauma in adults. The ITTM program resolves the primary, negative self-belief, which allows for a return to an authentic sense of self, free from unconsciously replaying and reliving the traumatic living conditions, events, and/or impact in childhood. The model uses advanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to effect gradual and sustained change in the thoughts, feelings, and actions informed by negative self- beliefs.
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Over the course of treatment, caregivers enter a process that identifies and resolves their core negative self-belief, most often established in childhood. To do so, the ITTM applies a phase-based system informed by trauma theory, attachment theory, and philosophical logic. The ITTM model is an approach designed to address the core negative self-belief created after trauma. The Intergenerational Trauma Treatment Model (ITTM) does not treat the specific traumatic event per se - instead it accurately assesses and addresses the impact of the traumatic event on a person’s negative belief systems.Įvery person assigns a different type of meaning to a traumatic event, even when the traumatic events amongst several people may be the same.